Legal disclaimer: Please understand that I’m not an attorney and am not offering legal advice. I am only stating what I have learned about mechanic’s liens and title insurance. My information may be totally wrong, so please conduct your own research to verify what I say below. Furthermore, you may want to consult with an attorney before proceeding with the purchase of a new home.
You found the perfect home and are already dreaming of how you will decorate. The inspections go well and you have closed the deal paying for your house in full. A few days pass, then out of the blue you discover there is something called a “mechanic lien” posted on your front door. A mechanics lien allows a subcontractor who does work for the builder of your home to put a lien, or security interest, on your house until they are paid for their work.
How dare a subcontractor threaten you with a lien on your home! You get all worked up and contact the subcontractors. You hastily tell them that the law will be on your side because it’s only right that you should only pay once. You dutifully paid the builder and were honest so the law should protect you right? Wrong. You hire an attorney and at your first meeting tell her to destroy the subcontractor’s liens. Then the attorney delicately tells you about Pennsylvania’s poorly conceived mechanic’s lien law. In short, when a builder does not pay the subcontractors who helped build your home then the home must be used to pay the subcontractors. If you refuse to pay the subcontractors they can force the sale of the home to repay the builder’s debts. So, you are out of luck because you did not get a release of liens from the subcontractors before you closed on your new home.
You would be correct in thinking that title insurance protects you from liens that are placed on your home before you buy it. However, a subcontractor has up to six months to file a mechanic’s lien on your new home and title insurance will not protect you from this gap in coverage. For example, if a subcontractor starts work two months before close and it takes the subcontractor one month to finish the job, then the subcontractor should be paid by the builder upon completion of work. The builder may ignore his demands for payment for one month and then twenty days after close the subcontractor may become fed up and file a lien to protect his right to payment. Unfortunately, if the builder refuses to pay the subcontractor this will not show up on your title search because there is not yet a recorded lien. The subcontractor has plenty of time, up to six months, to file a mechanic’s lien against your newly acquired property for which you honestly paid. When the builder does not repay debt, the subcontractor will place a lien against the property that he worked on to recover his rightful money.
Luckily, I found out about mechanic’s liens when reading the title insurance policy I was about to purchase. In schedule B of the policy it stated that they were not responsible for mechanic’s liens. There is such a thing as mechanic’s lien insurance but it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to obtain these days. As mandated by law, title insurance companies cannot charge higher than state regulated rates for title policy endorsements such as mechanic’s lien insurance. The procedures that title insurance companies must go through to protect themselves would be too burdensome and cost ineffective to offer mechanic’s lien endorsements to their policies. What must they do to protect themselves from having to payout on a mechanic’s lien claim? They must do exactly what new owners must do to protect themselves in the absence of mechanic’s lien insurance.
To protect against possible future liens you should first ask the builder for an indemnification letter which states that the builder will stand in front of you and pay for any liens. You should also obtain a “Waiver of Liens” from all subcontractors before they start work on the house. Why would anybody waive their right against a lien is beyond me but perhaps they really need the work and will take a chance. Subcontractors waive their right against liens for residential houses under a million all of the time. For houses over one million they are not allowed to waive this right. A less messy and easier way to structure your deal is to get a “Release of Liens” from all of the subcontractors before you close on the house. You could build a clause into your purchase contract to protect your home from future liens. The wording in the contract would state that you refuse to close on the house unless all of the builders subcontractors working on the house for the past six months grant you a release of liens. When the contractor is paid they sign the release of liens statement at the same time. A potential problem would be getting a list of subcontractors from the builder which is honestly compiled and complete.
The way the present mechanic’s lien law was written is absolutely crazy. This is a gigantic hole in the law that prevented me from obtaining my dream home. The builder I was dealing with refused to get a release of liens from his subcontractors. The purchase contract was already signed and I spent $1,000 on inspections before I discovered this home buying pitfall. Although, I’m thankful that I discovered the problem before close and was able to get my deposit money back. This hole in the law does not change my level of frustration with the Pennsylvania state legislature. Why is there still no law protecting the new home buyer in Pennsylvania? I’m happy to see subcontractors have a way to collect their money through mechanic’s liens but to make a new home buyer liable is quite unfair.
State legislature member Don Walko introduced House Bill No. 1822 on July 2, 2009 with 28 other members and the bill was referred to the Committee on Labor Relations. Unfortunately, the bill has not seen the light of day since being introduced last July. Don Walko left office in December of 2009 to become a judge so the original champion of this bill is now gone. What is holding back the other supporters of the bill and why is the labor relations committee dragging their feet? The mechanic’s lien problem can be easily remedied by my state representatives. Why do they not care about this issue enough to finish the job? What else are our legislators doing? Let me guess. Playing golf and attending worthless conventions learning about how to be better legislators.
Legal disclaimer: Please understand that I’m not an attorney and am not offering legal advice. I am only stating what I have learned about mechanic’s liens and title insurance. My information may be totally wrong, so please conduct your own research to verify what I say below. Furthermore, you may want to consult with an attorney before proceeding with the purchase of a new home.
- Steve




